The Importance Of New Anti-TB Drugs - 1143 Words

New anti-TB drugs There is an urgent needed new anti-TB drug because of the complexity and toxicity of the first- and second-line TB drugs regimen but main problem is drug resistance. It is an enormous significance, the recent past few years have been discovered in the number of new anti-TB compounds and drugs in the pipeline, when a long time any drug did not discover. Recently, plenty numbers of drug candidates in the different stages under trials e.g. lead optimization stage, preclinical development, phase II and phase III clinical trials (Fig. 1). Bedaquiline (TMC-207, Bdq), Bdq, a diarylquinoline, inhibits of mycobacterial ATP synthase (Andries et al., 2005; Koul et al., 2007). It has inhibitory activity against both active and†¦show more content†¦It also can be used for the treatment of both drug sensitive and drug resistant TB. Prm is now under clinical trial III (fig. 1) in combination with moxifloxacin, linezolid (NCT02333799) and pyrazinamide (NCT02342886) and a multidrug regimen of moxifloxacin, bedaquiline, clofazimine (NCT02589782) and linezolid (Butler et al., 2016). Prm is prodrug that need to be metabolic activation by a deazaflavin (cofactor F420)-dependent nitroreductase (Ddn) (Manjunatha et al., 2006). It inhibits mycolic acids synthesis, which are constituents of the cell envelope of M. tuberculosis. Diacon et al. (2012, 2014, 2015) evaluated as a regimen composed of pretomanid for the 14-day early bactericidal activity, combined activity of moxifloxacin and pyrazinamide, to be significantly higher than that of bedaquiline only, combined of bedaquiline and pyrazinamide and combined of bedaquiline and pretomanid (but not combined of pretomanid and pyrazinamide. Surprisingly, additing of pyrazinamide increased the activity in case of both bedaquiline and pretomanid. Mutations in ddn (Rv3547), encoded by the deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase, and fgd1 (Rv0407), encoded by the F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, are the most mechanism of resistance to Prm (Manjunatha et al., 2006). A very recently Haver et al. (2015) assayed drug metabolism genes for potential mutations resistant to Prm andShow MoreRelatedMolecular Biology Of Drug Resistance In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Research Report799 Words   |  4 Pagestreatment for TB. In patients who had never received treatment or who had received treatment for less than a month, their multidrug resistance is defined by the presence of a resistant strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis and in patients that have been previously treated, it is characte rised by the failure and relapse (Dhole et al., 2017). Research has also found that there are different strains of multidrug resistant TB, that some strains of MDR-TB may present a resistance to one drug while othersRead MoreThe Continuing Education Program About Outbreak Of Tuberculosis888 Words   |  4 PagesIt is related to course objective 5 â€Å"Apply biostatistical, epidemiological, and research finding to enhance the delivery of evidence based nursing care.† Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease that remains one of the serious infections in the world. In 1990, the World Health Organization estimated that approximately 8 million new cases were active worldwide, the vast majority of which were in developing countries (WHO, 1990). Nearly three million people die annually from this disease. The goalRead MoreNurses And Nursing Interventions Help Increase The Cure Of Patients Diagnose With Tuberculosis Disease?1706 Words   |  7 Pagespatients I – Empower nurses with new evidence based practices and redirect their nursing practice skills towards early diagnosis of TB disease. Educate the society to be aware of TB disease and encourage them to seek medical help when experiencing any signs of TB. And provide resources to patients on Anti-TB Drugs to help them adherence with their medication. C - Will nurses’ involvement on TB treatment make or not make an impact on TB cure. O – Nurse will learned more about TB disease and their involvementRead MoreThe And Treatment Of Tuberculosis1111 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnoses and treatment of Tuberculosis (â€Å"TB†). In Cambodia many TB cases go undetected or untreated, and insufficient information is being distributed to the citizens, especially those living in rural areas. This project aims to address the causes, signs, symptoms, and treatment of TB so that the general population will have a better understanding of this deadly disease. The project will also inform community personnel—such as nuns, monks and other organizations—about TB since they are the first points ofRead MoreA Study Of The Patterns, Causes, And Effects Of Health And Disease Conditions1515 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen infected with tuberculosis and new infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacteria known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacteria is usually found in the lungs but can disseminate to other parts of the body like the brain, spine, bones and many more. TB can be deadly if improperly treated.TB can be spread by someone with the TB bacteria in the lungs, coughs it outRead MoreTb Notification Rate And Death Rate Of Hong Kong Essay1866 Words   |  8 Pageshigh TB notification rates in Hong Kong every year reveals the severity, reported statistics from CHP (CHP, 2016). Though there are decreasing TB notification cases, TB still puts pressure on Hong Kong’s citizens. In 1939, around 4,500 TB deaths report before the invasion by Japan, which made TB become a notifiable disease (DH, 2006). During the World War II, the unstable social conditions, poor nutrition, and serious overcrowding in Hong Kong increased the number of cases who died from TB (DH, 2006)Read MoreBeing Infected with Tuberculosis2347 Words    |  9 PagesTB is a disease that infect mostly human’s lung. It can spread through air way. This can be done through coughing or sneezing from TB patients. The bacteria travel in the air and infect healthy people. This disease is commonly occurring in low income countries, deprived areas and big cities in a developed country. There are some factors that contribute to TB which are immigration, social inequalities, HIV infection and misuse of drugs or alcohol (Millet et al., 2012). The TB incidence is increasingRead MoreThe Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program1387 Words   |  6 Pagescultural rights of the whole population and not just of citizens (WHO, 2003). The main ethical and legal issue for the family member with TB is that TB is becoming more prevalent among migrant workers and TB is becoming more resistant to the drugs that treat it (WHO, 2008). Some government programs do not want to spend money on testing for drug resistant TB. The key ethical and legal concern for the family member that is dealing with alcohol abuse is figuring out how a healthcare worker can inquireRead MoreHigh Tb Notification Rate Of Hong Kong1854 Words   |  8 Pages high TB notification rate in Hong Kong every year reveals the severity, reported statistics from CHP (CHP, 2016). Though there are decreasing TB notification cases, TB still put pressure on Hong Kong’s citizens. In 1939, around 4,500 TB deaths report before the invasion by Japan, which made TB become a notifiable disease (DH, 2006). During the World War II, the unstable social conditions, poor nutrition, and serious overcrowding in Hong Kong increased the number of cases who died from T B (DH, 2006)Read MoreTuberculosis, Important Determinants, And The Health System3486 Words   |  14 Pages退å   ÃªÅ¸â€¦ription This section highlights the extent and dimensions of tuberculosis, important determinants, and the health system and/or public health program initiatives that are in place to address the issues. Tuberculosis Tuberculosis or TB as it is commonly known, is an infection caused by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a communicable disease caused by bacteria affecting the lungs, and it spreads when infection airborne droplets, produced when a person with tuberculosis of

Ancient Egyptian Religion Islamic Religion - 2413 Words

Ancient Egyptian Religion Student name University Name Egyptian religion was a mix of convictions and practices which, in the advanced would incorporate enchantment, mythology, science, pharmaceutical, psychiatry, mysticism, herbology, and also the present day comprehension of religion as faith in a higher power and an existence after death. Religion had influence in each part of the lives of the old Egyptians since life on earth was viewed as stand out part of an everlasting excursion, and with a specific end goal to proceed with that trip after death, one expected to carry on with an existence deserving of continuation. Amid one s life on earth, one was relied upon to maintain the standard of ma at with an understanding that one s activities in life influenced one s self as well as others live too, and the operation of the universe. Individuals were required to rely on upon each other to keep adjust as this was the will of the divine beings to create the best measure of delight and bliss for people through a symphonious presence which likewise empowered the divine beings to better play out their undertakings. By respecting the standard of ma at and carrying on with one s life as per its statutes, one was adjusted to the divine beings and the powers of light against the powers of haziness and tumult, and guaranteed one s self of an appreciated gathering in the Hall of Truth after death and a delicate judgment by Osiris, the Lord of theShow MoreRelated World History Argumentative Paper- Religion’s Effect on Society1072 Words   |  5 Pages From the start of civilization, religion has played a crucial role in the development of most societies. The proof of its influence is evident in the way daily life was carried out. 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Company Law Select Vaccines Limited

Question: Discuss about theCompany Law for Select Vaccines Limited. Answer: Issues and Facts The issues refer here in this case of ASIC V SOUST is that Mr. Martin Soust (defendant), was the Chief Executive Officer as well as the Managing director of Select Vaccines Limited ( Select Vaccines). Mr.Martin Soust was the active member of the Board of directors of the company. The said company was a listed company as the fully paid ordinary shares of the company are listed with the ASX (Australian Securities Exchange Limited). On the other hand, Mr. Soust was also acting as a director of a company named as Martin Soust Co Pty Ltd. This company was also known as Martin Soust Co. The said company was the trustee of a trust called Soust Trust, and the beneficiaries were the wife and children of Mr. Soust. There was an executive service agreement between the Select Vaccines, Martin Soust co and the defendant where Martin Soust co. was in the position to receive bonus on short term performance(Austin et al., 2012). On 31st December 2007, Mr. Soust was actively in the position of the Managing Director and CEO of the Select Vaccines. At around 1:45 pm of the same day, he gave a call to Bell Potter and had a conversation with Ms Midolo. In the conversation, he asked Ms Midolo to purchase shares of Select Vaccines worth $2,550 on behalf of his mother Mrs Bohumira Soust. The rate of the shares is as follows: 50,000 shares @ 2.4 cents 18,166 shares @ 2.5 cents 35,834 shares @ 2.5 cents. This action of Mr. Soust made the value of the shares of the Select Vaccines to fall down causing a loss to the company. He did not reveal any of his transactions to the other fellow directors. By doing this act, he has committed an offence under section 1317E, 1317G, 1041A, 1041B, 206C (1), 181 (1), 182 (2) of the corporation Act. Relevant Laws and Principles In this case, Mr. Soust has contravened certain provisions of the Corporation Act. He has contravened section 181 (1) where it has been stated that the director of a company or any other officer of the company should execute their duties and powers with an honest intention and for an appropriate purpose which will be proved as benefit for the company. Section 182(2) contains certain civil obligations. It states that the director or the officer of the company should not utilize their position in order to get profit either for himself or for any other person and which should not create any loss for the company. In section 206C (1), it has been stated that the court may disqualify an officer from managing a company if the application given by the ASIC contains a declaration that the person is guilty of contravening the section 1317E. The court may do so if it is satisfied by the proofs provided. In order to get satisfied, the court will look into the internal management of the company. The section 1041A states that any person should not involve in any activities or more than one transaction at a time which will create an artificial price in the market. This offence has a civil penalty which is mentioned in section 1317E. Section 1041B states that, a person should not get into any such act that will create a false price on the trading of financial product which will mislead the market. This is a criminal offence(CorporationAct, 2016). Arguments of the Parties and Analysis It has been found in the case that the defendant has confessed that he was involved in the purchasing of the shares of Select Vaccines but he did not purchase it on his name or does not have any information of it. He has just done the work according to the instruction given by his mother. But later it was found in his laptop that there was a document which was containing some question and answers that were relevant to the facts of the case. These documents were handed over to the ASIC and have been investigated by the same. The ASIC has requested for a declaration on the basis of the case that he has contravened Sec.181(1) 182(2) by not providing any information to the other directors. He has contravened sec.1041A 1041B by manipulating the trading market, should be disqualified from his position and should pay penalty for each of this offence prescribed in sec.1317G(Austlii, 2001). The defendant put up his case by denying the fact that at the time of the transaction he was the director of the company and has done the transaction on his personal power to get into the transaction. He said that the transaction was done on behalf of his mother and he doesnt have any personal interest in those shares. The decision of purchasing shares of Select Vaccines has been made by his mother without having any conversation with him. He also denied the fact that he was present in the meeting on 19th March 2008 for the making of decision by the Remuneration Committee. But he did not provided any evidence in support of his saying(Austlii, 2011). The analysis can be made that the defendant is guilty as the ASIC has provided its evidence that the defendant has made a call to Bell Potter in order to purchase shares but there is no proof that the shares was purchased on behalf of his mother and there is no proof that the defendant has done the act as per the instruction given by someone else. Conclusion From the whole discussion of the case, it is clear that Mr. Soust being an active member of the company is involved in trading of the shares of Select Vaccines leading to his own indirect benefit. He should have let the other members to know about whatever transaction he was into. But he did not do so rather he dishonestly purchased the shares of the said company in the name of his mother of which there is no proof. But the wrong intention was proved by the QA.doc that he was misusing his position for his own intention which has caused loss to the company. Hence Mr. Martin Soust is guilty of contravening the section 181(1), 182(2) 206C (1), 1041A B, 1317E 1317G of the Corporation Act. References: Austin, R., Standen, M. Reynolds, C., 2012. The High Court decides theJames Hardie case. [Online] Available at: https://www.minterellison.com/files/Uploads/Documents/Publications/Alerts/NA_20120509_JamesHardieDecision.pdf [Accessed 22 September 2016]. Austlii, 2001. Corporations Act 2001 - SECT 45A. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s45a.html [Accessed 09 September 2016]. Austlii, 2011. Commonwealth Consolidated Acts. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s181.html [Accessed 22 September 2016]. CorporationAct, 2016. Corporations Act2001 - NOTES. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/notes.html [Accessed 17 September 2016].